Registered Nurses And Members Of Various Professions...

Registered nurses and members of various professions exchange knowledge and ideas about how to deliver high quality health care, resulting in overlaps and constantly changing professional practice boundaries. This inter-professional team collaboration involves recognition of the expertise of others within and outside one’s profession and referral to those providers when appropriate. (American Nurses Association, 2010, p. 33) As a part of an inter-professional healthcare team, the educational journal of a registered nurse must include inter-professional collaboration. According to the National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice (2010), the practice and advancement of the nursing profession must keep pace with the changing†¦show more content†¦as a provider of continuing nursing education. The speaker, Dr. Andrea Brennan, OTR/L, CLT-LANA, WCC, is a national expert in this field. Dr. Brennan was discussing the rehabilitation approach to manage edema and lymphedema. Attendees included occupational therapists, physical therapists, certified occupational therapist assistants, licensed physical therapy assistants, registered nurses and advanced practice nurses. Additionally, there was a physician assistant, an acupuncturist and a podiatrist present. Some of the names and titles of the participants include: Bethzaida Perez-Kyles, RN, Family Nurse Practitioner, Oncology Nurse Practitioner Theresa M Lee, RN, Family Nurse Practitioner Jamie Young, RN, Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner Alicia Berry, RN, Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner, Gerontological Nurse Practitioner Karen Corr, RN, Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner Mara Fusfield, RN, Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner Cathy Joseph, OTR/L Donna Hannah, OTR/L, Certified Lymphedema Therapist-Lymphology Association of North America Lorete Feka, PT, Certified Lymphedema Therapist Miranda R. Taylor, EAMP, L.Ac, M.T.C.M. The mode of presentation Dr. Brennan used was deductive reasoning. The agenda was organized from the most general concepts and then proceeded to most specific concept. Initially, there was a review of the cardiovascular system and the lymphovascular system. It was at this point where there exists the

Country of Origin Free Essays

Country Of Origin Image The Country of Origin Image or COO can be described as the motivation behind the tendency for consumers to make buying decisions, guided by their perception of the country which is associated with the purchased product. It is essentially one of the building blocks for brand equity when introducing new products into new markets internationally. This could be attributed to consumer’s need to make quality inferences via brand cues, which will help them move forward faster in the buying process. We will write a custom essay sample on Country of Origin or any similar topic only for you Order Now In recent times, the validity of COO image as a brand metric has become arguably questionable, as the arrival of globalization has diluted the efficacy of the country of origin term. These days, an Apple Iphone could be designed in San Francisco, California and manufactured in Taiwan at lower operating costs. Based on this phenomenon and the study by Essousi and Merunka (2007), the COO concept can be further evaluated on the basis of two sub categories, which are country of design (COD) and country of manufacture(COM) image. A lot of companies remain ethnocentric in their business operations, this means that they restrict their resources to the initial country of origin, but sell to varying markets on the international scene. This is in contrast to the truly global companies that distribute their resources worldwide and operate in a global market. It begs the question of whether country of design or country of manufacture, is the influencing factor with regards to consumer behaviour and a product’s country of origin image. Referring to the previous example of Apple’s Iphone, is the product quality amplified in the consumers eyes by virtue of its American design or is its value downgraded by Taiwanese production? , considering Taiwan’s COO image as one of cheap but low quality products. Reardon et al (2005) suggest that with the products being unfamiliar to the market, country of origin image becomes the most viable source of quality identification for the consumer, an opinion backed by Balabanis and Diamantopoulos (2008) and Carvalho, et al ( 2011) studies on brand associations with country of origin images, among consumers. This is akin to celebrity endorsement of brands, with countries playing the role of celebrity ambassadors to those new to the brand. Harun et al 2011, proposes a different perspective to the discussion with country of brand origin (COBO). This is far more effective as a brand metric because as the name implies, the focus is placed on the brand itself rather than the product. For a description of the slight differences between the two concepts, Consider a consumer’s choice to buy a virtually unknown suit brand, because it was made in Britain. Britain’s strong COO image for products like suits, is the major player in this purchase decision. On the other hand, the buyer could decide to go for a Louis Vuitton Suit to feel ‘French’, as Louis Vuitton is primarily a French brand, thus illustrating the concept of the COBO effect. From this, it is clear that the country of origin effect still maintains some relevance with regards to influencing purchase decisions, whether it involves the design origins or place of manufacture or even down to the general associations the brands has with a country. Place Brand With the ever constant battle for the consumer’s disposable income and foreign direct investment by businesses, there has been an upsurge in the marketing of entire geographical locations, as suitable places to spend money. According to Medway Warnaby (2008), the focus of the process is on creating favourable or attractive image associations for places and downplaying any negative images it may already have, unless demand for its resources outgrows supply. It can be argued that products and services become brands by virtue of the benefits they offer. This implies that if the benefits are negative, the product or service gains a negative brand image and vice versa. Similarly, places become branded by what they have to offer, usually in terms of culture, heritage, art, natural resources (Kemp et al, 2012) and many other variables. This phenomenon known as place branding, seeks to create identity, differentiation and personality for a place(Kavaratzis Ashworth, 2005). It typically involves any residential geographic entity, and is usually most evident in the marketing of nations and cities. In examining the tenets of place branding further, the branding of cities can be utilised as a sample from which reasonable inference can be drawn and applied to a larger population such as countries. Pfefferkorn (2005) outlines the effects of branding on cities and the ingredients common to strongly branded cities. Included in the requirements for strong city branding are attractive employment opportunities, affordable cost of living, efficient public transportation and school systems, recreational/ cultural attractions, and good climatic conditions. These are described by the author as functional values, but for truly strong place brands to exist, there must also be added value that differentiates it from others. The added value is unique to each city, as residents may tend to make meaningful associations between themselves and a place. Examples of this include the marketing of Jerusalem and Mecca as ‘holy cities’ of pilgrimage to devout faithfuls, Rio as a destination of choice for carnival lovers, Paris as the city of love for romantic individuals or in the most popular city branding efforts for sports enthusiasts, English soccer (Edensor Millington, 2005) and the Olympics (Zhang Zhao, 2009). An observable common denominator amongst these examples is the presence of images or perceptions, associated with orchestrated activities that result in the brands of a place. (Kavaratzis S Ashworth, 2005). Global Brands The definition of globalised companies in contrast to international companies lies in the distribution of its resources (Abdulrazak. R, 2013). One of the foremost issues with brand globalization is the standardisation versus adaptation debate. A global brand is one which has been able to extend its brand identity across the world from its country of origin, and therefore the argument falls largely in favour of standardization with an adaptation of certain variables where necessary. Discussion Global brands offer consumers a sense of familiarity and streamlines the decision making process for purchasing from a range of both local and international alternatives. The country of origin image as well as place brands associated with the place brand may further serve to amplify the equity of the global brand. SIRRA How to cite Country of Origin, Essay examples

People And Emerging Market Multinationals -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The People And Emerging Market Multinationals? Answer: Introduction Wilmar was established in 1991 and its headquarter is in Singapore. It is the largest company listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange. The company is engaged in agribusiness activities including oilseed crushing, oil palm farming, oil filtering, sugar refining and biodiesel, specialty fats, oleo chemicals, composts, flour and rice milling. The company has more than 500 trade plants and wide dispersed network covering China, Indonesia, India and 50 more countries. It has labour force of 90,000 people. The company provides management services to more than 400 subsidiary companies. The agricultural products of Wilmar are the preferred choice of consumers and food industries. Initially the company started operations as palm oil trading company. Over the years, company expanded its operations into foreign countries (Anderson, et. al. 2015). It is also one of the biggest plantation owners in Malaysia and Indonesia. The company faced accusations against grabbing unresolved land in Africa. In this report Wilmar is taken to analyse external environment. For this, PESTEL analysis is done. Porters five force analysis is done to find the forces that affect the companys market environment. The strategic recommendations are also given to avoid problems which are being faced by the company. PESTLE Analysis The PESTLE analysis is used by the companies to determine external forces that have impact on organisation. Macro environmental factors include forces which have impact on organisation but are out of control of organisation. PESTLE includes political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors. By using PESTLE analysis an organisation can maximise opportunities and minimise threats for an organisation. Explanation of PESTLE Political factors: Political factors determine the impact of government policy on organisations. The political factors comprise tax policy, monetary policy and trade tariffs. It may affect the revenue generating structure of organisation (Hillier, 2015). Economic factors: Economic factors are determinants of economys performance which have impact on a company. Like increase in inflation rate of an economy affects the price, products and services of the company. It also affects the purchasing power and demand in an economy. Social factors: These factors have impact on market and society. The social factors include population growth, career attitudes, cultural expectations, age distribution, health consciousness and global warming (Stimson, 2016). Technological factors: It is important to consider technology factor, as soon after the launch its soon become out-dated. It includes advertisement, marketing and promotional programs. Technology changes the way of producing and distributing products and services. Legal factors: It includes all the legal aspects such as employment, taxation, imports, exports, quotas, equal opportunities, consumer rights, laws and more (Stewart, 2014). In order to trade successfully the companies need to consider legal and illegal factors in the territories they operate. Environmental factors: It includes all the factors which are determined by the surrounding of the environment. Environmental factors include temperature, natural calamities, ground conditions and contamination etc. Due to the increasing importance of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility), this factor is becoming more important (Chance Brooks, 2015). Impact of PESTLE on Wilmar Political factors: The political factors have huge influence on the regulation of business. These factors are low trade restrictions, assistance provided by government, reduced costs and experienced political environment (Snyder, 2014). The spending power of consumers and other competitors has equal influence on Wilmar. Economic factors: The economic factors have influence on Wilmar in the form of purchasing power of potential customers and inflation rate which determines the product prices and returns. It also determines the nature of competition faced by the Wilmar and availability of financial resources in the country. It also includes many other factors such as taxes, government expenditure, high productivity and public investment in research and development. Social factors: The sociological trends reflects in the form of demographic changes such as growing economy, young population and growing demand and trends in the way people live, work and think. It also considers the customer needs and potential markets (Beigel, Siegel Rader, 2015). Technological factors: It includes new approaches of doing new and old things and tackling problems. Its necessary to involve technical equipment; it can be innovative way of thinking and implementing. Wilmar has increased development cost as a result of government regulations in technological aspect. It has increased automation in business. Technological mission on oil seeds give a push to governments efforts for enhancing the production of oilseeds. It improves the quality of products and services (Soederberg, 2016). Environmental factors: Environmental factors changes the eating habits as growing awareness of obesity has made shift to soya and palm oil. It has resulted change in consumption pattern. Wilmar has increased producing refined and soya oil to see the demand of products and services. There is also effect on company of infrastructure, green products, weather conditions and sustainability. Purchase of illegally grown palm suits and illegal forest felling are also considered. The global growth opportunities available for Wilmar can be assumed as 44%. The possibility of changing market is 21%. Legal factors: Wilmar is affected by the legal actions in the form of packaging and labelling regulations. The statutory and regulatory requirements and customer notices from food outlets have effect on the company (Martin-Albarracin, Nuez Amico, 2015). The legal factors also consider technological problems, increasing automation, developmental risks and technological scale effects. The availability of gobal market is 36% - 44%. The company was charged for purchasing palm oil fruit and it was illegally grown in Sumatra. All of sudden the company had to stop sourcing and it lead to huge loss to company. Porters five forces analysis In Porters five force analysis five industry forces are taken to describe the intensity of competition. It determines the long run predictions of profitability in the industry (Berg, et. al. 2015). The company can look beyond actions of competitors and can evaluate factors that can affect business environment. Explanation of Porters 5 forces Competitive rivalry: This force determines the competition and profitability of an industry. The rivalry among competitors is penetrating when there are many competitors, growth of industry at slow rate, low customer loyalty and less differentiated products. The competition in the industry is found penetrating due to slow growth and exit barriers (McKenna, 2017). Threat of new entrants: It defines how easy it is for the companies to enter in the industry. The industry is found gainful when there are fewer obstacles for entry. The threat to new entrants is high when there is no government regulation and low capital is required for the entry in the market. Threat of substitute products or services: It leads to threatening of substitutes when a buyer can easily find substitute products at fewer prices and at better quality. Availability of substitutes leads to shifting of customers to competitor company (Wilkinson, Wood Demirbag, 2014). Bargaining power of suppliers: Strong bargaining power permits a supplier to sell products at higher prices. Availability of fewer suppliers and few substitutes lead to strong bargaining power by suppliers. Bargaining power of customers: The customers have power to demand low prices and higher product quality from suppliers. This condition exists when there are few buyers and so many substitutes available in the market. Impact of Porters five forces on Wilmar Competitive rivalry: Wilmar is comparatively young firm founded in 1991 against more established competitors. It is one of the largest companies in Singapore. Since 1991, the company has proved its unique integrated business model, grown in both earnings and revenue to beat competitors in size (Buono, 2015). The company faces competition from companies such as Golden agri-resources, First resources and firms like Cargill, Indofood Agri and Archer Daniels Midland Company. Threat of new entrants: The threat of new entrants is very low as it needs to build a large network of farmers. Such operations require high capital and sufficient time to achieve balance in an economy, before this the company is mostly seen struggling. Many companies are already involved in the manufacturing process and can enter in the particular market where Wilmar is already in, that may determine low motion barriers. Such type of risk is moderated by the integrated business model of Wilmar, in such a way that the corporation has control over production (Albert Beatty, 2014). It also has the flexibility to modify the use of raw material according to the conditions of market. Threat of substitute products or services: The threat of substitute products and services is away from the basic products. The threat is reduced because of the companys alternative range of products through decontaminating and handling wide range of other commodities like sunflower seed, canola, cotton seed, soybean, rapeseed, peanut edible oils and meal like rice, bran and wheat flour. Although man made alternatives create non eatable products which could create threat with new expansions which are economical. Bargaining power of suppliers: Wilmar possesses and manages the production chain from upstream raw material obtaining to downstream purifying, to marketing and supply of products and services. Due to the companys self-derived raw material, it has rare suppliers. So, the supplier influence will be low. The costs linked with the manufacturing are stable because of the independency of input costs on commodity prices. The company has also diverse business interests geographically in countries like Australia, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, India, Africa and Ukraine. It helps to spread potential cost risks (Nekvapil Sherman, 2015). Bargaining power of customers: The ultimate products of the company are traded through the wholesale distributors and retailers. As, the products are sold through large scale retailers and distributors, the consumers enjoy a definite degree of bargaining force as they could substitute products of company with another companies products are at low prices. The products of Wilmar are known for high quality and stability but most of the production of company is identical (Haddow, Bullock Coppola, 2017). The presence of significant number of alternatives and lack of branding can result in customers can shift to other brands due to increased prices and lack of advertising. Strategic Recommendations Wilmar implements strategies such as Porters generics strategy to avoid problems, gain competitive advantage and to acquire position in market. The strategy has certain aspects such as: Expand overseas, expanding within the same country: Wilmar is the leading agriculture company in Singapore. The company has carried dynamic process to carry business global. It has extensive network in China, Indonesia, India and 50 more countries (Christopher, Laasch Roberts, 2016). The company can develop its business in more countries. For this, it should understand target markets, local market trends and the necessities to successfully launch products. For the expansion the company should develop short, medium and long term strategies to attain goals. The business plan should define goals and objectives of the company. The company can solve legal matters by clearing defining purchase policy. Merger and acquisition, Joint ventures and Strategic alliances: Wilmar has joint venture with Bunge Limited in Vietnam. Both of these companies have done collaboration with Quang Dung. The Quang Dung is a primary soybean meal supplier of Vietnam. This joint venture will create united operations which are source and sales channel for oil in Vietnam (Ying Hongcui, 2015). Wilmar Industries has done acquisition of Barnett. These both companies offer identical products. Wilmar Industries has doubled market share. It has also done joint venture with Surface Investments in Zimbabwe, which is multi oilseed processing plant. The company can expand its market share by acquiring and mergering established industries. The company can also make agreement with individual companies via strategic alliance to attain same objectives. Changes to organization structure, new marketing initiatives, process change: Wilmar can change its organisation structure by cloud service. It can extend centres of company in various countries. The company can use such flour mill which can increase capacity of producing wheat. The production can also ve increased by making use of green and modern technology. Wilmar can take new initiatives to expand business and solve problems of organisation by investing profits in building a business model. It also has a great opportunity to grow in Africa as its economic growth deemed to continue for the next decade (Combe, 2014). The enterprise resource planning could help to enhance efficiency and standardisation of process. Introduction to new products and services: Wilmar can introduce new products other than the products its already offering. The range of clothing and foot wears can be launched for the expansion of business. The company is already established so it is easy for the company to launch products and get popularity. As, brand loyalty is already in the market. People are more interested in innovative products; it can introduce new series of products and services by making significant changes. Conclusion From this report it has been concluded that Wilmar is a leading agribusiness group with a market capitalization of 17.1 billion SGD. The company is also engaged in the oil palm cultivation, sugar milling and refining specialty fats. The company has achieved growth through mergers and acquisitions mainly in Malaysia and Indonesia. It has also expanded operations in into foreign countries through multiple collaborations and joint ventures. Now the company operates over 500 manufacturing plants and has widespread distribution network in many countries. The company has established an extensive distribution channel for its products. The company has been successful to save costs through business model as it strategically places processing units to consumer markets by lower shipping cost. Wilmar has been successful to achieve growth through acquisitions and joint ventures. The companys joint venture in Myanmar has reduced costs and saved time. The acquisitions of company helped to generate revenues from various regions and have diversified the risk. The company has solved its ethical matters of deforestation and illegitimate sourcing by undertaking considerable efforts. It has also attained the recognition award at Singapore apex corporate social responsibility awards 2015. The supply chain of company is also de linked with from forest destruction and human right abuses. The companys agriculture business model allows scaling up value chain which results in operational efficiency. As recommended above, the company can expand its function by launching new products and services such as clothing and foot wear. References Albert, M., Beatty, B. J. (2014). Flipping the classroom applications to curriculum redesign for an introduction to management course: Impact on grades.Journal of Education for Business,89(8), pp.419-424. Anderson, D. R., Sweeney, D. J., Williams, T. A., Camm, J. D., Cochran, J. J. (2015).An introduction to management science: quantitative approaches to decision making. Cengage learning. Beigel, R., Siegel, R. J., Rader, F. (2015). Cardiac Hypertrophy and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Introduction and Management. InPathophysiology and Pharmacotherapy of Cardiovascular Disease(pp. 291-324). Springer International Publishing. Berg, D., Mani, H. S., Marinakis, Y. G., Tierney, R., Walsh, S. (2015). An introduction to Management of Technology pedagogy (andragogy). Buono, A. F. (2015). An Introduction to Management Consultancy.Academy of Management Learning Education,14(1), pp.144-147. Chance, D. M., Brooks, R. (2015).Introduction to derivatives and risk management. Cengage Learning. Christopher, E., Laasch, O., Roberts, J. (2016). New approaches to introduction to management courses.Journal of Management Education,40(3), 359-361. Combe, C. (2014).Introduction to management. Oxford University Press. Haddow, G., Bullock, J., Coppola, D. P. (2017).Introduction to emergency management. Butterworth-Heinemann. Hillier, J. (2015). Fritz J. Roethlisberger Memorial Award Goes to Lets Burn Them All: Reflections on the Learning-Inhibitory Nature of Introduction to Management and Introduction to Organization Behavior Textbooks.Journal of Management Education,39(6), pp.681-683. Martin-Albarracin, V. L., Nuez, M. A., Amico, G. C. (2015). Replacement of native by non-native animal communities assisted by human introduction and management on Isla Victoria, Nahuel Huapi National Park.PeerJ,3, e1328. McKenna, C. (2017). Introduction from management consultant to psychological counsel. Nekvapil, J., Sherman, T. (2015). An introduction: Language management theory in language policy and planning.International Journal of the Sociology of Language,2015(232), pp.1-12. Snyder, R. A. (2014). Lets burn them all: Reflections on the learning-inhibitory nature of Introduction to Management and Introduction to Organizational Behavior textbooks.Journal of Management Education,38(5), pp.733-758. Soederberg, S. (2016). IntroductionRisk Management in Global Capitalism. InRisking Capitalism(pp. 1-20). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Stewart, P. M. (2014). Section Introduction: Emergent Management of Adrenal Disorders. InEndocrine and Metabolic Medical Emergencies: A Clinician's Guide(pp. 155-158). The Endocrine Society. Stimson, C. J. (2016). Hospital Risk Management and the US Legal System: An Introduction to US Medical Malpractice Tort Law. InRisk Management in Medicine(pp. 69-76). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wilkinson, A., Wood, G., Demirbag, M. (2014). Guest editors introduction: People management and emerging market multinationals.Human Resource Management,53(6), pp.835-849. Ying, M., Hongcui, W. (2015). Optimization for Framework Design of New Product Introduction Management System.

The Chimney Sweeper and the Road Not Taken free essay sample

Also, Tom Dacre dreamed of â€Å"thousands of sweepers, Dick, Joe, Ned, and Jack, were all of them lock’d up in coffins of black† (Blake, 1789/2007). â€Å"Though his [the speaker] few years seniority have given him a protective sense of responsibility, they have robbed him of little of his innocence† (Harrison, 1978). The speaker retells Tom’s dreams sincerely and reports on certain lines as if he believes them completely. †Tom may weep more readily; Tom may dream of liberating angels more readily; but the speaker reports Tom’s visions as Tom told it to him, wholly without irony† (Harrison, 1978). The Road Not Taken can also be interpreted as telling about a loss of innocence although; it is more about how the choices made shape lives. Those choices, however, can lead to a loss of innocence. The choices not only affect the person that made the choice but also the people close to them including their spouse, children, parents, and siblings. We will write a custom essay sample on The Chimney Sweeper and the Road Not Taken or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †[Because,] in the poems stated intimation of the truth about human existence, as stated by Frost, is the idea of rut [the track carved out by wheels from the surface over which they travel] in its relationship to the ego† (Cervo, 1989). Each choice a person makes leads them down a different path and the effect of that choice could be a loss of innocence. â€Å"The poem’s persona is no â€Å"spiritual drifter†; the persona is an individual has opposed to a â€Å"loner’† courageous and self-reliant, searching for his destiny† (Bassett, 1981). It is in this way that the interpretations of both The Chimney Sweeper and The Road Not Taken are similar. The Road Not Taken is about the choices each of us makes in life and the direction each of those choices takes us. Each choice a person makes shapes who that person is and who they will become. Each path in The Road Not Taken represents a choice. Most people want to be individual and hope to make different choices from everyone else. The difficult thing about that is â€Å" both that morning equally lay and leaves no step had trodden black† (Frost, 1915/2007) meaning, all paths or choices have been taken before. Each choice changes lives and leads to more choices. The Chimney Sweeper tells about the loss of innocence that happens to everyone. Normally, it happens slowly, over many years as a person grows to an adult. Unfortunately, this is not always the case and sometimes, circumstances or events cause the process to be sped up or slowed down. This seems to be the case in The Chimney Sweeper. The speaker seems to have experienced events that caused an early loss of innocence whereas; with Tom the process seems to be about normal. â€Å"There’s little Tom Dacre, who cried when his head, that curled like a lamb’s back, was shaved† (Blake, 1789/2007). Both the speaker and Tom are children that have been made to work as chimney sweepers. Each poet has different life experiences and those experiences shaped their writings. Surely, William Blake’s experiences shaped his writing of The Chimney Sweeper as well as, Robert Frost’s shaped his writing of The Road Not Traveled. From an early age, William Blake is said to have spoken of having visions. † At four he saw God† put his head to the window†; around the age nine, while walking three the countryside, he saw a tree filled with angels† (Academy of American Poets, 2012). When his brother, Robert, passed away from an illness in the winter of 1787, Blake was said to have seen his brother’s spirit rise up through the ceiling. He believed that Robert’s spirit visited him throughout his life and claimed that through a dream Robert taught him the printing method he used in Songs of Innocence. Similarly, Robert Frost’s life and the events of it affected his writings, although in different ways. † Frost drifted through a string of occupations after leaving school, working as a teacher, cobbler, and editor of the Lawrence Sentinel† (Academy of American Poets, 2012). He spent most of his youth in New England, where The Road Not Traveled seems to be set but, during his adult life also lived in several other places. Each of the different places he lived and visited, as well as the people he met, had some type of impact on his life. Everything around a writer has some impact or influence on their writing. The meanings and thoughts behind The Chimney Sweeper and The Road Not Traveled may never be truly known but there are several possibilities behind William Blake’s writing of The Chimney Sweeper and Robert Frost’s writing of The Road Not Taken. It is believed by many experts and people that knew him, that Blake had a mental illness. Many types of mental illnesses can change the way a person thinks and perceives the world around them. It is also known that William Blake did research on mental disorders and it is thought that many of his theories were incorporated into his writings. †[However,] William Blake theorized about cognitive dysfunction like no other poet of his time and his ideas challenged the prevailing Zeitgeist of opinion† (Ryan, 2011). Similarly, there are several possibilities behind Robert Frost’s writing The Road Not Taken. It has been noted by many critics that Frost was a loner that preferred living in the country (Bassett, 1981). It is also thought that he felt purposeless, uncertain, and possibly depressed. These would be understandable feelings considering the losses during his life. His father, mother, younger sister, wife, Elinor, and four of his children preceded him in death, most at young ages. With all of these things going on in their real life, death, loneliness, and mental disorders, it is no wonder that William Blake and Robert Frost wrote about choices and the loss of innocence within The Chimney Sweeper and The Road Not Taken. It is difficult to know exactly what the writer was thinking while creating each different piece because each person has different experiences that help them create their works. A person’s experiences never end, and each new experience changes that person, just a little. Each person that reads a written work uses their own life experiences and knowledge in order to interpret that work. This creates an innumerable amount of different interpretations, none of which are necessarily right or wrong, just different. What they were thinking that prompted them to write these works and as they were writing will never be known, so all that can be done is speculate upon their intended meaning. Bibliography Academy of American Poets. (2012). Robert Frost.

Narnia Symbolism

Narnia Symbolism Free Online Research Papers The symbolism in the novel/film â€Å"The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe† written by C.S. Lewis resembles the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ. In the beginning of the story there are four children, Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy who later on are introduced to more characters. The White Witch symbolizes the Devil and the evil she has put over Narnia is symbolized in the cold snowy weather. When the children enter Narnia, Edmund betrays his brother and sisters by going to the White Witch telling her that he has brought them to Narnia. He did this because the White Witch promised him Turkish delight and power, but she lied and took him captive. Edmund represents all mankind who has betrayed Christ from birth and who Jesus died for on the cross. Man is led away by the enticements of this world and becomes selfish and fallen from the standards of Christ. Because of his betrayal, he is also been compared to Judas of the New Testament and Adam in the Garden of Eden. When Peter, Susan, and Lucy follow the beavers to safety from the White Witch, they learn about the returning of Aslan, the lion. Aslan is the one that will rise against the evil of the White Witch and bring peace and love back into Narnia. Aslan represents Jesus Christ, the savior. As Aslan returns to Narnia, the snow covering all of Narnia begins to melt and spring returns, which indicates that evil is diminishing and the spirit of Christ is spreading. Later in the story, Edmund is rescued from the White Witch and brought back to a camp to be with his brother and sisters. This camp is where the forces of good in Narnia are preparing for a war against the forces of evil lead by the White Witch. At the camp Aslan talks to Edmund alone and tells him that his si ns are forgiven and forgotten. When the White Witch orders a meeting with Aslan, she demands Edmund be given back to her due to the laws of Traitors. Instead of returning Edmund back to the White Witch, Aslan makes a deal with the White Witch to offer his life in return for Edmund’s freedom. On the night of Aslan’s sacrifice, Susan and Lucy accompany him. After Aslan is killed by the White Witch, Susan and Lucy stay with his body. Susan and Lucy symbolize the women who stayed with Jesus through his crucifixion and death. The returning of Aslan signifies the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. Since Aslan was not there to lead the forces of good into battle, Peter was given that responsibility. Peter leading the good forces into battle symbolizes the Apostle Peter who becomes the leader of the Christian church after Jesus Christ’s ascension. After the forces of evil are defeated and the children are crowned as Kings and Queens of Narnia, Aslan leaves. The leaving of Aslan symbolizes the Ascension of Jesus Christ into Heaven only to return later. To a greater extent, C.S. Lewis’s novel, â€Å"The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe†, reinforces the Christian ideal that through Jesus Christ’s love and guidance man will ultimately triumph over evil. Research Papers on Narnia SymbolismThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Spring and AutumnWhere Wild and West MeetBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThe Hockey GameCapital PunishmentQuebec and Canada

The Stoic and the Epicurean Philosophies

The Stoic and the Epicurean Philosophies Which lifestyle, Epicurean or Stoic, achieves the greatest amount of happiness? In his book Stoics, Epicureans and Skeptics, Classicist R.W. Sharples sets out to answer this question. He  introduces readers to the fundamental ways in which happiness is created within the two philosophical perspectives, by juxtaposing the schools of thought to highlight criticisms and commonality between the two. He describes the characteristics deemed necessary to achieve happiness from each perspective, concluding that both Epicureanism and Stoicism agree with the Aristotelian belief that the sort of person one is and the lifestyle one adopts will indeed have an immediate bearing on the actions one performs. The Epicurean Road to Happiness Sharples suggests that Epicureans embrace Aristotles conception of self-love because the goal of Epicureanism is defined as  pleasure achieved through the removal of physical pain and mental anxiety. The Epicureans foundation of belief rests within three categories of desires, including  the natural and necessary,  the natural but not necessary, and  the unnatural desires. Those who follow an Epicurean worldview eliminate all non-natural desires, such as ambition to attain political power or fame because both of these desires foster anxiety. Epicureans rely on the desires that free the body from pain by providing shelter and abolishing hunger through the supply of food and water, noting that simple foods provide the same pleasure as luxurious meals because the goal of eating is to gain nourishment. Fundamentally, Epicureans believe people value the natural delights derived from sex, companionship, acceptance, and love. In practicing frugality, Epicureans possess an  awarene ss of their desires and have the capability to appreciate occasional luxuries to the fullest. Epicureans argue that  the path to securing happiness comes by withdrawing from public life and residing with close, like-minded friends. Sharples cites Plutarchs criticism of Epicureanism, which suggests that achieving happiness through withdrawal from public life neglects the desire of the human spirit to help mankind, embrace religion, and take on leadership roles and responsibility. The Stoics on Achieving Happiness Unlike the Epicureans who hold pleasure paramount,  the Stoics grant the highest importance to self-preservation, by believing that virtue and wisdom are the necessary abilities to achieve satisfaction. Stoics believe reason leads us to pursue specific things while avoiding others, in accordance with what will serve us well in the future. The Stoics declare the necessity of four beliefs in order to achieve happiness, placing the utmost importance on virtue derived from reason alone. Wealth obtained during ones lifetime utilized to perform virtuous actions and the fitness level of ones body, which determines ones natural ability to reason, both represent core beliefs of the Stoics. Lastly, regardless of the consequences, one must always perform his/her virtuous duties. By exhibiting self-control, the Stoic follower lives according to the virtues of wisdom, bravery, justice, and moderation. In contradiction to the Stoic perspective, Sharples notes Aristotles argument that virtue alon e will not create the happiest possible life, and is achieved only through the combination of virtue and external goods. Aristotles Blended View of Happiness Whereas the Stoics conception of fulfillment resides solely in virtues ability to provide contentment, the Epicurean notion of happiness is rooted in the obtainment of external goods, which vanquish hunger and bring the satisfaction of food, shelter, and companionship. By providing detailed descriptions of both Epicureanism and Stoicism, Sharples leaves the reader to conclude that the most comprehensive conception of attaining happiness combines both schools of thought; thereby, representing Aristotles belief that  happiness is obtained through a combination of virtue and external goods. Sources Stoics, Epicureans (The Hellenistic Ethics)D. Sedley and A. Longs, The Hellenistic Philosophers, Vol. I (Cambridge, 1987)J. Annas-J. Barnes, The Modes of Scepticism, Cambridge, 1985L. Groacke, Greek Scepticism, McGill Queens Univ. Press, 1990R. J. Hankinson, The Sceptics, Routledge, 1998B. Inwood, Hellenistic Philosophers, Hackett, 1988 [CYA]B.Mates, The Sceptic Way, Oxford, 1996R. Sharples, Stoics, Epicureans and Sceptics, Routledge, 1998 (How can I be happy?, 82-116) [CYA]

Social learning theory and style of learning Essay

Social learning theory and style of learning - Essay Example It is based on the supposition that people use several channels of perceiving information. Visual, auditory and kinaesthetic are the major sensory modalities used by humans. All the small children use kinaesthetic channel to explore the world. Later we develop the visual modality and finally master the auditory one. One should strive for developing all three modalities. However, most of people use one of the systems as the major to check the information. Visuals prefer to see information (they need to see a text, or charts and diagrams). Visual learners may be linguistic and spatial. Linguistic learners would remember a lecture if they watch slides with text, while spatial learners do better with charts, videos, demonstrations, and other visual materials. Those with dominant kinaesthetic modality need to touch and perform to master new skills. People with dominant auditory channel prefer to listen to information. Most of people are visuals. There are also many people with leading kin aesthetic modality. Dominant auditory modality is the less spread one (Adler 1997, Clark 2000). As Don Clark (2000) explains, the three learning styles are forced upon us through life like this: up to the third grade new information is mostly presented kinaesthetically, in grades 4-8 visual presentation prevails, while starting with the high school information is usually presented auditory by lectures. My dominant modality is visual spatial. I prefer to get information through pictures, maps, charts, movies and videos. It is easier for me to retain information in mental images than in audio and kinaesthetic format. To remember things I need to make schematic notes. However, I’ve got also a well developed kinaesthetic modality, so that in many cases I learn well through hands-on approach. Another useful instrument to be remembered is social learning theory, which provides glimpses at how most of us acquire our knowledge and

GETTING FINANCING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

GETTING FINANCING - Essay Example As the name suggests, debt financing is borrowing money from some financial institutions, usually a bank, which you will have to repay after a certain period with interest. Entrepreneurs may borrow money for short term, which means for less than a year. Usually short-term loans are for financing working capital requirements, operational activities, filling the gaps in accounts receivables and inventory (Horne & Wachowicz, 2008). On the other hand, long-term loans, which are for more than one year, are usually the ones that entrepreneurs usually look for to finance their assets, capital, land, buildings, machinery and other costs of starting a business venture. Clearly, debt financing has certain advantages. Firstly, the interest that is paid on these loans is tax deductible thus providing a tax advantage (Bygrave & Zacharakis, 2010). Secondly, as we will see that equity financing provides a part of ownership in the business to its financers, however, the same is not the case with debt financing. Lenders, unlike shareholders, do not get any ownership in the business and thus the entrepreneur retains the sole control of the business (Shim & Siegel, 2008). Thirdly, the entrepreneur usually will get many options with regard to the maturity time and the amount of interest payable per month or per year. Lastly, compared with equity financing, debt financing is less hassle and less time consuming, whereas it may take months for someone to appear on a stock exchange list and getting enough shareholders (Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2008). However, the disadvantages of debt financing are significant as well. Firstly, unexpected changes in interest rates due to economic downturns, at times, create a disaster for borrowers (Horne & Wachowicz, 2008). Moreover, even if these economic downturns of macro environment events fail to alter the revenue and

Tim OBrien’s The Things They Carried Paper Essay Example for Free

Tim OBrien’s The Things They Carried Paper Essay Introduction The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien is replete with several themes in the story but this paper will tackle the particular â€Å"things† that O’Brien’s characters carry, whether literal or figurative. As one reads through the novel, the reader sees the different emotional load that each of the character carries and which become hindrances to the way they behave in battle and even after they go back to their own homes. Theme In particular, this paper looks into the theme of mental luggage that each man brings into the war, whether they are objects or beliefs, which basically hinder them from functioning effectively in battle. III. Characters’ Burdens and Anxieties   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Starting off with Henry Dobbins, who may be just a minor character who even exhibits a kind and gentle spirit, yet is found to be superstitious as he carries his girlfriend’s pantyhose around his neck. This can be funny as one reads it first, but there is this firm belief on his part that this practice will protect him wherever he goes. The pantyhose, thus, becomes a thing that literally is carried by Dobbins all throughout the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One main character that ends up tragically because of the emotional burdens that he carries is Norman Bowker. He is portrayed as a quiet soldier, keeping things to himself, aggravated when Kiowa dies, prompting him to return to his hometown aloof and restless. He puts up a front, as if nothing is wrong with him, but this is where he succumbs in the end. His only alternative to unburden himself is when he is able to tell his story, even asking Tim to write his story for him the travails of his life at war. Yet, when the story ends up unsuccessful, Bowker finds no meaning in life at all and eventually kills himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another character who carries a burden is Jimmy Cross. This time is starts with a mental burden of thinking about Martha, a girl he loves deeply back in New Jersey. Martha does not return this love at all, yet Cross carries this to war and because of the distraction that this entails, he is not able to save a man who died. Thinking that it was because his mind was preoccupied with the thought of Martha, Cross never forgives himself because of this incident and how irresponsible he is to his men. He tries to come to terms with Ted Lavender’s death and seemed forever burdened with this even if he was no longer fighting in the war. He also literally carries compasses and maps during the war. Effect of Emotional Burdens   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author demonstrates how silently carrying one’s burdens like painful memories can hinder one from enjoying life to the fullest. Cross’ character is shown to even suspect that the â€Å"Love† signed at the end of Martha’s letters is just a figure of speech. Lavender’s death is imprinted in Cross’ mind and heart and this is aggravated again by the fact that Cross discovers that in reality, Martha never really cared for him at all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Even Ted Lavender carries his anxieties with him in war as he smokes marijuana and takes tranquilizers. In fact, the men in this war carry their anxieties and fear with them, just repressing them because they are in battle. But the preoccupations of their minds and hearts are sometimes even bigger than the battle at hand. In sum, these soldiers have a difficult time in telling their experiences and the repression of their experiences are carried long after the war has been fought. The tragedies and horrors of the war are carried back to their own homes, leaving them distraught all the more. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Indeed, the story emphasizes the havoc that war brings after they go into battle. These men â€Å"carry† emotional burdens that continue long after they go back to their own homes after the war. The conflicts in their minds continuously eat away on their victims’ minds for the rest of their lives. Work Cited OBrien, Tim. The Things They Carried. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1990

A Comparison of Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress and John Donnes T

A Comparison of Andrew Marvell's To His Coy Mistress and John Donne's The Sunne Rising Both poems "To His Coy Mistress" and "The Sunne Rising" were written by metaphysical poets, this is one of many similarities in the poems. However, there are also a number of differences between them. In both poems, there is an obvious link to the theme of "Carpe Diem" which simply means "seize the day". The poems relate to time and that of how it's running out. They seem to be in a rush. The content of the poem is Marvell writing a poem to his love partner. They are truly in love with each other and their love is very passionate for one another. However, there is something missing in their relationship and that is the sexual side. They haven't had sexual intercourse and the poem is about Marvell trying to persuade his partner into making love to him. He feels that time is running out and that they should "seize the moment". The life expectancy was at a lower rate in the times of the poem, and he doesn't want to leave things too late. There were many types of diseases in those days, with health services very limited. Today, our life expectancy is on average 77, however, in those days anyone who reached the age of 40 was considered as an older-aged person. He obviously feels that his partner needs a slight push into making love; he shows this by calling her his "Coy Mistress", which means his shy or reluctant woman. The poem is split into three paragraphs, which is unusual for poems. These three paragraphs state the three stages of argument. The first part is trying o say that if they had all the time in the world, then he wouldn't need to wr... ... can make you feel happy, but love is more important in life. Money can be liked but never loved like true beauty. I believe it's imperative that we look at the poems from a different perspective. Both compliment the women mentioned but both have different messages. "To His Coy Mistress" is a persuasive poem which contains flattery to try and convince the woman to take their relationship to the next level. In "The Sunne Rising", the message is that love is more important than wealth. The main themes are time and love and both are conveyed very cleverly with both wit and deception. I enjoyed both poems as they both showed sound comparisons and true feelings. I preferred the poem by Andrew Marvell as it had a sense of urgency and it was rhythmic to which I found exciting as I never knew what to expect next in the poem.

Applying for English literature Essay

I was in my junior school when I decided that gender would not be a bar against my pursuit of knowledge, acquisition of a college degree and a doctorate in my future life. I am in the threshold of that final objective and that is why I am applying for this program in Winthrop University. My training and experience at the English Department of Girls’ Arts College in Saudi Arabia have given me enough confidence and provided a foundation for higher studies in English literature. I wish to pursue my higher education in the field of English Literature in Winthrop University because the tantalizing taste of this in my under graduation has made me crave for more. A systematic . introduction to this field was provided in my undergraduate college course at Saudi Arabia, where I could get a bird’s eye view of the history of literature, the social history of England, different literary forms, origin of words of the language, and also the study of some works of Literature pertaining to different ages. The study of Literature , according to me ,is not only a veritable treat to the lover of fantasy, but is also a treatise in profound truths, dealing with people at large and will never cease to fascinate the reader on account of its infinite variety. A child is fascinated by fairy tales and loves to wander into an imaginary world of escapism that it understands likes whatever is relevant to its mind. On the other hand, the study of literature provides the same route of escapism to the adult, who on the one hand seeks solace in appreciation of nature, in an imaginary realm of total make-believe and on the other hand is also privy to the working of the human mind. My undergraduate program in Arts College Saudi Arabia has paved way for an appreciation of Literature but I desire to get into an in-depth study of the plays of Shakespeare, the nature poetry of the Romantic age and the dynamic fiction of Modern Age. There were periods of transition and literature has evolved from time to time, reflecting the changing moods of society and nature of men and women. As a person who has come from Saudi Arabia, I am an admirer of women go-getters and that is the reason for my fondness for Shakespeare’s Portia or Jane Austen’s heroines who combine an iron will and determination and courage in the gentle cloak of a woman. I wish to acquire a Masters’ in English Literature and thereafter do research and get a Doctorate in this subject. This study of literature is ideally suited to my temperament and all that it calls for is extensive reading and an instinctive appreciation of the beauty of the English language and the power of word play. This word play, sentence construction coupled with the versatility of theme and action has made me an avid reader of Shakespeare’s plays. While I have been able to recognize and admire the craftsmanship of great playwrights, poets and novelists I still feel inadequate because I am unable to fully comprehend the import of the messages. A higher education in Winthrop University would not only aid me in understanding the nuances of Literature but would provide me with lessons for life, because Literature is but a depiction of this changing world and is a looking glass through varying periods of evolution. I am a person who wants to be a trend setter and prove to the world that my under graduation in Saudi Arabia has instilled a love for the subject of English Literature and has motivated me enormously in seeking to specialize in this. I love this study of English Literature and have repeatedly read select plays of Shakespeare like’ The Merchant of Venice’’, â€Å"Macbeth†, â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, and also the romantic novels of Jane Austen. While I am dumbstruck by the imagery and the beautiful analogies of Shakespeare’s tragedies, I am endlessly fascinated by the strength of character of his heroines. They are my role models and I am convinced that a detailed study, analysis and an advanced appreciation of Literature would add to my insights, render a greater understanding of human beings, and would enrich my life. As opposed to hard toiling in a physics or a chemistry laboratory, this world of literary escapism would not only suit my nature but would benefit me because it would provide me with the opportunity of enhancement of knowledge ,. n improvement of my language skills , and an enjoyable escape route from the mundane tasks of this world. ‘’Reading maketh an exact man’’ and I wish to hone my skills in discerning truth from fantasy and work on my powers of expression. Science is an objective study of different species and phenomenon, but literature is a portrayal of characters and delves deep into the human mind and describes in the course of a play or novel the workings of the human mind in its absolute magnitude. This is why we have a Macbeth, a Hamlet, a Portia, or a Jane and Emma and the innumerable characters of different playwrights and novelists. There is no end to originality and it is Literature alone that can give such a wide scope for subjective interpretations. There is nothing right or wrong but it is one’s own interpretation and expression of that perception that is valued by our evaluating professors. This is the primary reason for my love for the subject and I know that I am going to be evaluated for my reading and understanding of a particular piece of literature. Literature , while introducing the reader to different facets of human personality , provides a fringe benefit of excellent articulation of one’s thoughts because this is one subject where no student is condemned for giving a novel answer and the student is let loose in an imaginary world , that invites his unique appreciation of the subject. However, the complete understanding of great pieces of Literature can be acquired better through a systematic training, and guidance of eminent professors and experts in the field would go a long way in helping a person appreciate this better. This is another reason for my applying for this program. I love to read poetry and am transported to the world of Wordsworth and Keats but it would benefit me if I am systematically taught the technicalities of this literary form. The figures of speech and literary devices are highlighted by professors who help us appreciate not only the general idea but also the poet’s skill in the use of the language. Milton’s â€Å" Paradise Lost† would be different when read with the expert guidance of a professor. Personally, my great love for the subject has induced the motivation and determination to seek advanced programs in English Literature and I am confident that I will come out in flying colors. Masters’ in Winthrop University would prepare me for my Doctorate program in this field and I am certain to succeed in that ultimate aim . I can put in long hours of study and reading and have also been given the necessary basic training to do comparative studies between plays, novels, poems, characters, themes rendering of action and the evolution of plots. This systematic training has instilled within me an instinctive aptitude to study different aspects of a character in a piece of Literature and it has become such a habit with me that I look for analysis of a plot or character even while engaged in light reading[eg while reading a Mills and Boon Romance] or while watching a film. My short term career goal is to excel in my curriculum and get a creditable Masters’ and this would be the stepping stone to my Doctorate degree in Literature. Diligence, focused performance and determination to succeed are the only features of my character that I would fall back on for achieving this ideal of mine.

Final Paper Outline Essay

Dr. White ordered an unusual dose of a medication for a patient. May Patterson, RN, sees the order and believes it to be the wrong dose. She is afraid to call Dr. White because he can be abrasive at times. Nurse Patterson asks the charge nurse who is not as familiar with the patient to call the doctor. The charge nurse calls Dr. White. He insists that he knows what is best for the patient and insists that the medication will be given as written. The charge nurse calls you, the administrator on call for the weekend, to resolve the issue. 1. What principles of effective teamwork have broken down? 2. How will you work to resolve the issue? 3. List and describe five potential strategies for conflict resolution within this team. a. What types of information will you need to collect to have an intelligent conversation with this physician? b. Who should be involved in this situation, and the discussion with Dr. White, and why? 4. Which conflict resolution strategy is likely to be most successful? The principles of effective teamwork have been broken down when there was a fear of communication. Being that this case was due to someone’s health, Nurse Patterson should have put her fear of communicating with an abusive man aside and focused more on the patient’s health. It was however good that she at least brought someone else into the situation instead of just putting it all aside and submitting the prescription knowing the possible dangers. I as an on call administrator would resolve the issue by looking into the patient’s medical history and find out what the symptoms are and if that prescription is ri ght in order to treat their diagnosis. I would then call Dr. White to confirm why this certain medication was needed. Bargaining is one of the five potential strategies for conflict resolution. If you can get a team to bargain together you are getting them to come together once then next time a situation arises, the favor can be returned. Problem solving is getting the team to work through a situation and come to an agreement. Voting can be a bit difficult because one may not always agree with the other and a solution may not be reached. Researching can take up too much time and may delay a problem being solved longer than need be. Having a third party involved is always a plus because they can hear both sides of a dilemma and give their side as well and get a solution. The information needed to be collected in order to have an intelligent conversation with Dr. White would be to gather as much information about the patient, the patients history as well as the past history of the Doctor and how he communicates with others that way I would be able to know how to approach the situation and how to come to a conclusion without there being any conflict. The only ones needing to be involved is Dr. White, Nurse Patterson and the charge nurse. In this situation I don’t feel it would need to go any further than the administrator unless I felt there was potential harm or ill intent on the staff’s part. The conflict resolution strategy I feel would work the best is problem solving. With this strategy you are able to look at both the pros and the cons of this situation and it would make it easier to make a decision as to what is the best thing that needs to be done in order to treat the patient. Discussion 2 Human resources are an integral part of health care operations to recruit and retain high quality, and often highly specialized employees. 1. Describe why human resources management is comprised of strategic and administrative actions, providing examples of each. 2. Outline specific activities that encompass the strategic and administrative responsibilities of the human resources department. 3. If you were employed as an administrator in a small physician group without a human resources department, how would you carry out the strategic and administrative responsibilities required? Strategic actions has a main role in participating in business strategies rather than supporting administration. Research is done on its own in order to come up with a solution in order to have effective advice. It maps out specific strategies for achieving results for the organization. On the administrative side they are more focused on providing advice, guidance, strategies and services to management and staff. As well as what is best for the health company when it comes to hiring and recruiting the right kind people to do the job to the best of their ability. The roles of strategic planning is the process of planning, having a vision, its mission, values, suppliers and customers, acknowledging bumps and roadblocks, figuring out the goals and objectives, spreading the word, keeping track, assessing and following up on the process. Administrative responsibilities include the hiring process and orientation, approval for health care vacancies, advertising the position, preparing for the interviews and making selections. As an administrator I would designate certain people to carry out the job of what is required of both strategic and administrative responsibilities in order to keep the business meeting its required standards of staffing.

How to Make LinkedIn Work for You

How to Make LinkedIn Work for You On July 30th, I was interviewed by the charismatic Pete Mockaitis of Awesome at Your Job on â€Å"Making LinkedIn Work for You.† We covered lots of ground, including Two keys to crafting an eye-grabbing LinkedIn profile Who needs a LinkedIn profile and who maybe doesn’t What to do to be both searchable and likable on LinkedIn How to make an impact with your LinkedIn Summary How to grow your LinkedIn network past 500 people quickly and responsibly The case for making recommendations I won’t spend a lot of time talking about this interview, because you can both listen to it and get a full transcript at this link: Making LinkedIn Work for You with Brenda Bernstein To view the transcript, scroll down to this section of the article and click on the + sign: Or listen here: document.createElement('audio'); https://theessayexpert.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/326_-_Making_LinkedIn_Work_for_You_with_Brenda_Bernstein.mp3 What I will say, because I want you to get all the goodies you can get from this podcast, is that I talk about everything from Big Bird and my Sesame Street failures to the lessons we can learn from bamboo trees. Oh and I talk about blenders. That’s a lot of Bs from Brenda Bernstein! I also threw a little neuroscience in there about how to create an impression before you even meet someone in person. And there’s more! I highly recommend listening to or reading this interview, even if you’ve listened to my podcasts before. The tidbits on my favorite things and life lessons are especially charming, if I do say so myself, plus you get to learn about how to make LinkedIn work for you! 🙂 Hit the â€Å"Connect† too soon 🙠 Really liked what you had to say! Working on updating my LinkedIn profile to focus on my day job while mentioning my joy being a professional musician on the side. Thank you for the tips you offered on this podcast interview with Pete! Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: August 29, 2018 at 9:49 pm Thanks for your comment and for connecting with me on LinkedIn, Sten. That balance between two careers can be tricky. Let me know if you are interested in my LinkedIn Profile Review service! Log in to Reply

Entrepreneurship Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Entrepreneurship Case study - Essay Example The most obvious reason for branding him as one is that he sought and recognized an opportunity in the niche market took a risk and organized his resources (Harper, 2003; pp 10). He realized that ladders were used in everyday setting thus he created a set of rails that went attached to the ladder would increase the safety levels. This was a new product that is handled well would transform into a profitable venture. By so doing, he hoped to attain financial freedom and provide a better life for his family. He is an entrepreneur as he was future oriented and had a vision that by investing in his business venture, his financial status would be improved and he would spend more time with this family. The only way one can determine his future is by investing in it. He was willing to sacrifice in the short run to reap benefits in the long run. He spent time in developing an idea that had never been tried before but this did not mean that it could not be achieved (Harper, 2003). Sid mobilize d at his all the capital resources at his disposal due to his innovative nature. The general blueprint of his entrepreneurial strategy was rather simple and centralized as Sid wanted to simply sell his product to the local market as he had previous interactions with them (Economic Expert, 2008). Sid Stevens was market driven and was well aware that his success was pegged on the satisfaction of his customers. He was ready to modify his approach to be synonymous with the market demand when there was a demand for different rail specifications. He also managed to create employment and this had an impact on the economy in the long run due to the accelerator and multiplier effects on the economy. Sid Stevens was committed to being the best in his venture and his frustration with his employees on their compromise on quality was unending. He has a strong sense of business ethics that guided his desire to provide quality products. Despite the challenges and frustrations, his resilience in the pursuit of success was undeterred. Initially, his wife, the banker and his former employer expressed their skepticism on the viability of the project. However, Sid's optimism on the possibility of what the future held saw him remain true to his cause (Knight, 1967). Once it took off, he was a f ocused and effective decision maker as any delay in the decision making process will compromise the business. QUESTION 2: The Beermat Entrepreneur notes that four cornerstones are necessary for an entrepreneurial endeavor to succeed. What cornerstones did the Ladder Rail venture have, and which were missing What could Sid have done to fill in these gaps in his business The Beermat entrepreneur demands that ha potential entrepreneur profiles himself so as to determine if one should embark on an entrepreneurial venture or to team up with an actual entrepreneur as a corner stone of a new company or as a member of the dream team of a more established company. A cornerstone is an individual with expertise in certain business areas such as management, leadership, public relations, recruitment, marketing and finance. The four cornerstones according to the Beer Mat entrepreneur are involved in finance, technical operations, business' sales and delivery. These individuals are instrumental in the overall well being of the company as they have the technical know how to deal

Orthodox Law Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Orthodox Law Principles - Essay Example Disguising the employment status could be done in a number of ways. It happens even underwritten contracts where it is common knowledge to both the employee and the employer and could also happen if a worker is hired on a more or less informal basis to provide their labor, and simply assumes or is told that they are a contractor. Mostly there is an interposition of an entity that contracts with the business rather than the worker in his personal capacity. This allows drafting faulty contracts due to the absence of the contractor to review the terms therein provided for (Burne, 23)Businesses sometimes do not register their workers as employees. This benefits both the business and the workers who are treated as self-employed in terms of income tax and insurance remittals. However, the business stands to gain more since it can dismiss workers at will due to the ‘open’ contracts and the employees lack protection and rights. Most businesses will pass that their employees have been contracted for the provision of services and consultancy rather than employment. These are sham contracts. These contracts are chosen by immigrant workers in most countries who are desperate for jobs and do not have proper immigration papers or required skill to seek permanent employment. It is easier for them since they try to avoid the authorities.Many would not find the problem with sham self-employment but it favors the unfettered freedom to engage and dismiss workers as contractors when they are indeed employees.

Exploring a qualitative research problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Exploring a qualitative research problem - Essay Example A quantitative research method would use cause and effect thinking or would employ reduction of specific variables, hypothesis and questions. This paper will analyze three journals that have been written to discuss the obesity case and will look at the author’s framework of the problem, their purpose of the study and their rationale towards selection of the qualitative method. Ferda from the economics department in the Yeditebe University executed a research on the issue of obesity in Finland (Ferda, 2013). The research was aimed at finding out the causes of obesity in Finland that had become a national concern since every for every five people in the country two people were obese. The purpose of the research was to study the dynamics of obesity in Finland and provide evidence on how temporal obesity relates with health expenditure of the country and of individual persons (Ferda, 2013). The research also examined how unemployment was related to obesity since most of the unemployed people in the country were obese. Ferda also wanted to find out if urbanization had an impact or the rising cases of obese people living in urban centre in Finland. The research also was aimed at investigating how alcohol consumption and intake of calories, that were popular practices in Finland, led to obesity (Ferda, 2013). The researcher selected the qualitative method since the causes of obesity lied within the people and the best source of information was from the people themselves through simple methods such as interviews. The research also used testing and augmented causality tests to provide information on the possible causes of obesity on randomly selected people. According to my opinion, cases of obesity do not occur naturally since they are caused by the behavior of the person in terms of their food and beverage consumption. The qualitative research approach that the user used by

Critical Response Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical Response - Research Paper Example The two stories intricately crisscross each other and in a way assume a form and life of their own as they gradually unravel. Dunye’s film primarily comes out as a complex yet somewhat enticing insight into the American history, delving on the relevance of cultural icons and issues pertaining to cultural representation. However, the film sometimes confuses the audience going by the fact that it has a lot going on in it at the same time, thereby making the plot a little complicated with haphazardly placed setting of the events, their order and duration, and the exact relationship between them. Still, Dunye has been able to manipulate the link between the plot and the story to facilitate a sense of drama. To a great extent the story relies on stereotypical contrasts and comparisons like the differences between regular, curious and evolving character of the young black lesbian Cheryl and Tamara, her particularly stereotypical, hardliner and close minded friend. The one big weakne ss in the film is that it predominantly intends to intrigue through the ingenuity of the exploitation of documentary techniques. May be it is owing to this that some audience may find themselves disappointed by the disparity and lack of correlation between the form and the content. What the forms in the movie Watermelon Woman seem to offer, the content sadly falls short of it. One special thing about the larger theme of the movie is that it has definitely succeeded in emphasizing the emotional relevance and value of cinema. However, the coy romance engaged in by Cheryl, and the wacky shots that she is continually subjected to, to a large extent dilute the overall impact of the movie, making it conveniently ingratiating for an audience with regular expectations, without being able to score the incumbent and associated political comments. Though, the prime focus of the director seems to be to resuscitate a part of the African American history that conveniently got sidelined in the flo w of time, which is the Black sexual history, the film badly falls short of achieving this objective in a forceful way. However, Dunye has managed to succeed in securing varied salient objectives that attend the feature films associated with the like subjects and themes. In her own peculiar way Dunye has been able to write a history that earlier never existed. In that context, the film Watermelon Women is securely grounded in the historiographical facts and realities of the Black people and especially the black women of the last century. For instance, Cheryl’s quest for the ‘Watermelon Woman’, engages her in interesting and thought provoking interviews with many people who happened to be the fundamental part and parcel of the Black Club culture during the interwar days. While delving on the film in a serious and analytical manner, one simply cannot help identifying the personal stake that the director has in the movie. The Watermelon Woman throughout hovers aroun d an essential black lesbian identity. However, it does so by stimulating the viewers to correlate and identify the connections between the stories of a black American actress from the bygone era, who managed to accrue fame through a range

Analysis of the Oil and Gas Industries

Analysis of the Oil and Gas Industries CHAPTER 1 Introduction EYs OG Business Today As at 2008, global OG revenues are approximately $850m per annum and are forecast to remain relatively static over the next few years. Within that our OCA and GP account revenues which are predominately IOC driven are declining significantly whilst our core and SGM revenues are growing healthily. However, our revenue from NOCs is less than 10%. Our global client portfolio of OCAs and GPs reflects the industry dynamics of five years ago and needs to be significantly realigned to reflect the dynamics of today. Our service portfolio provides a solid foundation but considerable scope exists to provide more industry content-rich specific services to our clients and to develop new services and extend others to support new trends in the global oil industry. Currently our main people capability to support the oil industry lies in Western Europe and North America with smaller pockets in areas such as the Middle East, Russia and Australia. It is clear that our capability to develop new business and deliver the resulting OG services needs to be significantly enhanced in the newly emerged economies. Worryingly this lack of strength and depth in our oil industry service capability in the newly emerged economies is leaving the firm exposed to potentially significant service failures, subsequent client loss and litigation. Fundamental change in the Oil and Gas industry The Oil and Gas industry came into being in the late 1800s and over the last century has seen several structural changes and important transformations. One of most important of these changes took place in the early part of the 20th century and was the breakup of Standard Oil in the U.S. which led to the growth of large, globalized â€Å"oil majors† which had headquarters all over the world. The ever changing and evolving business environment has led to increasing amount of consolidation and merger activity in recent decades giving rise to a handful of supermajors. There has been widespread nationalization of oil assets, primarily in Arab nations, former communist countries and also developing economies. This process of nationalization has led to the creation of a new breed of National Oil Companies (NOCs) that in many cases have grown to become far larger than the largest of their private sector counterparts. Modern economies are driven by oil and gas and issues relating to the industry have become of increasing importance for all nations. The Oil Gas Industry is undergoing its most fundamental change since its formation in the first half of the 20th century, with a major shift in power from the International Oil Companies (IOCs) such as Exxon Mobil, Shell and BP to the National Oil Companies (NOCs) such as Saudi Aramco, Petro China and Gazprom. Only a decade ago the IOCs had access to and led the development of the vast majority of the worlds Oil Gas resources. Today the market landscape has seen dramatic changes and it is the NOCs which now own over 85% of the worlds remaining reserves and are becoming increasingly determined to lead the exploitation themselves. Five years ago it would have been unthinkable that one of the top three IOCs could be taken over by a NOC or a Sovereign Wealth Fund but that has all changed now as anything is possible in the current market. Mature and developed NOCs like Petronas have built up significant capabilities and other NOCs like Sinopec and Petrochina are following in their footsteps. IOCs are now redrawing their old strategies and are looking to partner with NOCs for large projects. There is ever increasing competition for the limited resources available and the uncertain and unstable nature of crude oil prices coupled with the global credit crunch have put immense pressure on companies in the industry to control project costs and operating risks. There is a rapid increase in energy demand from China, India and non-OECD Asia Pacific region. With maturing oil reserves, exploration and production activities have increased in Middle East, Brazil, Australia, Russia, West Africa and Canada. Major players scouting for reserves for ensuring sustainable future supply. Downstream margins are declining because of high competition. There has been renewed focus on Green Energy and increased efforts in exploring alternative energy sources. Increasing pressure on oil and gas companies to use better technologies and invest in cleaner technologies. Major private equity players taking bets on companies operating in clean energy area. Major risks in Oil and Gas Industry RISK RADAR Risks Access to reserves: political constraints and competition for proven reserves Price volatility Uncertain energy policy Cost containment Human Capital Deficit Aging oil and gas infrastructure Supply shocks Overlapping service offerings for international oil companies and oil field service companies Climate and environmental concerns Immense Opportunity for EY This fundamental change presents our global firm with an immense opportunity to present new global and regional service campaigns to attract new clients and also strengthen and solidify relationships with existing clients. The IOCs will continue to restructure and consolidate operations to reduce costs to increase their profitability, in an era when it will be increasingly difficult to increase their top line growth, other than by market driven oil price rises. The NOCs will be growing rapidly both organically and by acquisition, internationalising their businesses and establishing new global operating models, as indeed will the larger oil field service companies. Undoubtedly the individual IOCs, NOCs and Service Companies will need significant advisory and assurance support. This will play to the full range of our traditional EY services as well as creating opportunities to develop new EY services to support their drive into emerging areas such as clean technologies, carbon capture and trading, LNG and climate change. However, these EY services will need to be sold and delivered in the recently emerged and increasingly important economies in the CIS, Middle East, Africa, India, Far East and Latin America as well as EYs traditional OG geographies of Europe and North America. Asia- Pacific Oil and Gas Sector The oil gas market consists of the activities of exploration, development, production, refining, storage, transportation and marketing of oil gas. It is being projected that oil and gas will be the primary source of energy to meet demands for economic growth in the foreseeable future. Even though there has been significant progress in the renewable energy space their role will be limited for next 25-30 years. The Asia-Pacific oil gas market generated total revenues of $922.9 billion in 2008, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 26.8% for the period spanning 2004-2008. In comparison, the Chinese and Japanese markets grew with CAGRs of 36.8% and 26.7%, respectively, over the same period, to reach respective values of $314.7 billion and $270 billion in 2008.The performance of the market is forecast to decelerate, with an anticipated CAGR of 1.6% for the five-year period 2008-2013, which is expected to drive the market to a value of $998.5 billion by the end of 2013. Crude oil sales proved the most lucrative for the Asia-Pacific oil and gas market, generating 88.1% of the total revenues. In comparison, sales of natural gas account for the remaining 11.9% of the markets revenue. China accounts for 34.1% of the Asia-Pacific oil and gas markets value. In comparison, Japan accounts for a further 29.3% of the markets revenue. China The Chinese oil and gas industry has displayed dramatic growth in recent years and even though a slight decline is anticipated due to the global recession the market is expected to bounce back quickly and return to solid growth s. Latest forecasts from BMI suggest that china will account 32.3% of Asia/Pacific regional oil demand by 2010, while also providing 46% of total supply. Regional oil demand in the region is expected to grow from 25.36 million barrels per day in 2007 to 27.34 million barrels per day in 2010. The oil and gas industry in China remains primarily under state control and is only privatised to a small extent. CNOOC, PetroChina and Sinopec are the main players in the industry and are responsible for most of the domestic production. The oil and gas sector in China generated total revenues USD$ 314.7 billion in 2008 representing a CAGR of 36.8% for the period 2004-2008. Crude oil sales have been the biggest revenue generator for the Chinese oil and gas market in 2008 generating total revenues of USD$ 299.9 billion and representing 95.3% of the overall market value. Natural gas sales generated USD$ 14.8 billion in revenues for the same period accounting for 4.7% of the market. The market is expected to be at a value of about USD$ 352.7 billion by 2013 at a CAGR of 2.3% due to the deceleration expected in the industry and overall economy. Chinese oil consumption is expected to grow by 28% from 2006 to 2011 which will equal around 9.39 million barrels per day by 2011. This increase in demand will be driven by economic growth of about 10% per year which will result in China becoming the largest single driver of growth in oil consumption during the next decade. The domestic production of around 3.54 million barrels per day will leave a gap of 5.85 million barrels per day which will have to be filled by domestic companies expanding production or through increasing imports. This provides significant opportunities for oil and gas players to make investments to expand production through organic or inorganic growth routes. Chinas dependency on oil imports currently stands at around 50% making it the worlds second largest importer of oil after the US and followed by Japan. The market for processing is controlled by a few state owned enterprises with Sinopec holding a 60% share of total crude distillation capacity and PetroChina holding about 38%. Even though the natural gas market constitutes only 3% of the total energy mix, it is seeing rapid development due to increases in demand from the chemicals industry and household needs for heating and cooking fuel. In June 2006 China took steps to develop its natural gas sector by becoming a natural gas importer for the first time with the opening of the Guangdong liquefied natural gas (LNG) import terminal, which is supplied mainly from Australia. Natural gas imports are expected to grow in the future with other LNG import terminals and pipelines being planned that would connect major demand areas in China to suppliers in Russia and Central Asia. South Korea The oil and gas industry in South Korea grew by 26.8% in 2008 to reach a value of USD$ 115.8 billion. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.6% to reach a value of USD$ 112.3 billion by 2013. Crude oil sales generated the maximum revenues for the industry with about 85.3% of total revenues. Natural gas sales accounted for 14.5% of total market revenues generating total revenues of USD$ 16.8 billion. The South Korean market accounts for about 12.6% of the Asia-Pacific oil and gas industry. The global slowdown is expected to slow down the growth of the sector to an anticipated CAGR of 1.1% for the period 2008-2013 to value of USD$ 122.3 billion. Market consumption in the region increased with a CAGR of 1.8% for the period 2004-2008 to reach 1 billion barrels of oil equivalent (BOE) in 2008. This volume is expected to grow at a CAGR of 1.2% for the period 2008-2013 to reach 1.1 billion BOE. South Korea has no oil reserves and its entire oil requirement must be fulfilled through imports. Oil makes up most of the total energy consumption and though this proportion has been declining in recent years. South Korea consumes about 2.72% of the worlds oil and is the fifth largest net importer of oil in the world. South Korea has a refinery capacity of about 2667.6 thousand barrels per day which constitutes 3.03% of the world total. South Korea is also the worlds second largest importer of natural gas after Japan. The consumption of natural gas in 2008 was 36.97 billion cubic meters which is about 1.26% of the world total. The Korean Gas Corporation (KOGAS) is the only importer and distributor of natural gas in the country and also the largest purchaser of LNG in the world. Some of the largest oil companies in South Korea are the Hyundai Oil Bank, SK Corporation and S-Oil Refinery. The S-Oil Corporation is planning to spend $1.2 billion on the expansion of its Onsan Refinery. Most Korean refineries have problems of over capacity and low operating rates. The expansion will be completed by 2011. The Korean National Oil Corporation is planning to acquire five to ten midsized foreign oil companies. The targets have already been identified and the due diligence process is set to begin soon. South Korea is targeting energy self sufficiency of 30% by 2016 which stood at 5.7% in 2008 and 7.4% in 2009. The government also plans to spend $5.4 billion over the next 14 years to expand the gas distribution network and storage capabilities of the country. Philippines There is very limited domestic oil production in the country and the existing production began in the 70s. The period from 1996 to 2000 saw absolutely no oil production in the country. It is one of the few oil producing countries of the world that has seen a decrease in oil consumption over the last decade. Philippines oil demand will constitute 1.12% of total oil demand in the Asia-Pacific region and also contribute 0.77% of total supply. It is expected that oil production in the country will reach its peak at around 70000 barrels per day in 2013 and will then see a decline of 14.24% to reach 51000 barrels per day in 2019. Consumption of oil is expected to grow by 31.78% from 2009 to 2019 with the first 5 years seeing a 3% per annum growth, taking the demand at the end of 2014 to around 325000 barrels per day. This would leave an import requirement of around 258000 barrels per day in 2014. The second five years from 2014 to 2019 will see a decrease in consumption growth to 2% per annum taking the demand at the end of 2019 to 369000 barrels per day. The gas production capabilities will also increase from 3.4 billion cubic metres in 2009 to 8 billion cubic metres and gas demand is being forecast to grow by 164.71% during the same period making the import requirement around 1 billion cubic metres. The recent development of offshore oil deposits has led to an increase in production to 23,000 barrels per day. The country has about 3.48 trillion cubic feet of natural gas reserves which are mostly found at the Malaympaya gas field. There are two oil refining facilities at Petron Corp.s plants in Limay and Bataan and also at Shells Tabango refinery with a capacity of about 282,000 barrels per day. The country is planning a major divestment in the upstream arm of Philippine National Oil Company in order to finance the countrys budget deficit. The government of Philippines is planning to raise around $300-$320 million from the sale of 60% stake in the PNOC Exploration Corporation. Exxon Mobil is also planning an investment of around $100 million for exploration in south western Philippines in the Sandakan Basin of the Sulu Sea. Major companies of the region include: * Philippine National Oil Company * Petron Corp. * Shell Philippines Taiwan The island of Taiwan is densely populated and not abundant in natural resources. Taiwan is heavily dependent on imports and about 97% of its total energy requirements are fulfilled through imports. Oil and gas therefore play an important role in economic development and have been a major source of modernization and development of the country. The country will make up 3.93% of total oil demand from the Asia-Pacific region and will not have any significant contribution to supply. Taiwan has oil reserves of only about 2.5 million barrels and consumed an average of 1123.08 thousand barrels of oil per day in 2008 which constituted 1.32% of the worlds consumption. Taiwan has compensated for its lack of reserves by building huge refining capacity of 1197 thousand barrels per day which make up 90% of total oil production through refinery gain. The prevalent trends of globalization have had a great impact on Taiwanese energy policy and the government now actively promotes privatisation in the oil and gas sector to develop new refineries and power plants. The industry is dominated by the national oil company of Taiwan, the Chinese Petroleum Corporation and even though oil exploration activity has been ongoing for the last 50 years there has never been any significant discovery of oil production. The Taiwanese oil and gas industry experienced a vibrant 48% growth rate in 2008 to reach total revenues of USD$ 39.7 billion which represented a CAGR of 28.9% for the period from 2004-2008. The effects of the global recession will be felt in the Taiwanese oil and gas market which will experience a slowdown in the growth rate till 2013. Market growth rate for the period 2008 to 2013 is expected at a CAGR of 2.2% which will take total revenues from the sector to USD$ 44.2 billion by 2013. Consumption of oil in Taiwan has seen an increase with a CAGR of 1.6% from 2004 to 2008 and stands at 434.9 million BOE. Future consumption growth is being projected at a CAGR of 0.9% for the period 2008 to 2013 and is expected to reach 455.1 million BOE by 2013. A majority of total revenues in the sector were generated from crude oil sales at USD$ 34.4 billion or 86.7% of the total market value. The remaining 13.3% came from natural gas sales which generated USD$ 5.3 billion in 2008. Taiwan is 5th largest importer of natural gas in the world and has a natural gas consumption of 11.77 billion cubic metres. The gas consumption in Taiwan made up 2.64% of total consumption in the region and is expected to decrease to 2.49% by 2014. VIETNAM Vietnam had 0.27 % of the worlds reserves at the end of 2007 according to the 2008 BP Statistical Energy Survey. Bach Ho is the largest offshore oil reserve among 9 offshore reserves of Vietnam. It produced an average of 340 thousand barrels of crude oil per day in 2007 according to the 2008 BP Statistical Energy Survey. Top Asia-Pacific Oil Producers in 2006 Vietnam Oil Gas Corporation (PetroVietnam) dominates oil and gas sector in Vietnam. It is under the control of the Ministry of Industry. It has formed partnerships with other international oil companies such as BP, ConocoPhillips, (KNOC), Nippon Oil (Japan), Malaysias Petronas, Korea National Oil Corporation and Talisman. Vietnams Natural Gas Production and Consumption from 1995 to 2005 As of January 2007, Vietnam had 6.8 Tcf of proven gas reserves according to Oil and Gas Journal. According to Business Monitor International forecasts Vietnam will account for 1.59% of Asia Pacific regional oil demand by 2014 and provide 4.33% of supply. Regional oil use of 21.40mn barrels per day (b/d) in 2001 for Asia Pacific reached an estimated 25.44mn b/d in 2009. The usage should average 25.93mn b/d in 2010 before rising to around 28.99mn b/d by 2014. Regional oil production is set to increase to 8.59mn b/d by 2014. Regional imports have increased on an average from 12.99mn b/d of oil in 2001 to estimated 16.94mn b/d in 2009. It is forecasted to reach 20.41mn b/d by 2014. China, Japan, India and South Korea will be principal importers. In terms of natural gas, only Malaysia will be net exporter in 2014. In 2009, region consumption was estimated to be 459bn cubic metres (bcm) and it is expected to increase to 582bcm by 2014. Net imports will ease from current 83bcm to 72bcm by 2013. In 2009, Vietnams share of gas consumption was expected to be 2.40 but its share of production is approximated at 2.91%. It is expected to account 4.72% to regional production and 4.12% consumption. For 2009, with an average OPEC basket price of US$59.00 per barrel (bbl), a decline of 37.3% year-on-year (y-o-y). For 2010, it is expected that there will be a significant OPEC basket price recovery to US$83.00/bbl for the OPEC basket price. It is expected to gain further ground to US$85.00/bbl in 2011 and increasing to US$90.00/bbl in 2012 and beyond. According to BMI forecast, there will be 7.3% average annual growth in 2010-2014. Growing number of international oil companies are partnering with Petro Vietnam in finding and developing hydrocarbon resources mainly gas. This will lead to rise in exploration success in Vietnam. As per BMI assumption, oil and gas production will peak at 400,000b/d in 2010 and will ease back to 372,000b/d by 2014. Beyond 2009, an increase of around 5-7% per annum is forecasted till 2014 thereby implying demand of 460,000b/d by 2014. Estimated 2009 of 11bcm for gas supply and demand is forecasted to increase to 24bcm by 2014. From 2009 to 2019, a decrease of 7.14% in oil production in Vietnam is forecasted by BMI. Crude volumes will peak in 2010 with 400,000 b/d and will decrease to 325,000 b/d later by 2019. With Vietnamese growth projections ranging from 5% to 7% per annum between 2009 and 2019, oil consumption is expected to rise by 78.22% and gas production is expected to rise from 11bcm to 27bcm. Amendments to Vietnams Petroleum Law have paved the way for a more open and transparent licensing round scheme for international investors. Vietnam held its first licensing round during 2004-2005. A second bidding round, which included 7 blocks in the Song Hong Basin, was launched in April 2007. Petrovietnam has claimed that these blocks hold in the region of 5 billion barrels of oil equivalent. Vietnam amended its Petroleum Law which paved the way for more open and transparent licensing round for international investors. Vietnam had 2 licensing rounds till 2007. KEY OIL AND GAS PLAYERS 1. Petro Vietnam 2. KNOC 3. BP Vietnam 4. Vietgazprom THAILAND Thailand is second largest oil importer in South East Asia. It has limited domestic oil production. It has only 290 million barrels of proven oil reverses according to Oil and Gas Journal in January 2007. In 2008, according to BP Statistical Energy Survey, it consumed 910.73 thousand barrels of oil per day compared to production of only 309.1 thousand barrels of oil per day. Majority of natural gas reserves are located offshore in the Gulf of Thailand. Though domestic gas production has risen significantly but still it is not sufficient to cater to local demand. In 2007, Thailand had proven natural gas reserves on 0.33 trillion cubic meters according to BP Statistical Energy Survey. PTT is the biggest player in oil sector in Thailand. It was earlier known as The Petroleum Authority of Thailand. Thailands Ministry of Energy through Energy Policy and Planning Office (EPPO) oversees all aspects of the countrys energy policies such as natural gas, oil and power sectors. PTTEP has stake in countrys natural gas producing fields such as Bongkot, the largest field. Chevron, being the largest foreign operator, currently accounts for estimated 70 percent of countrys gas production. According to Business Monitor International forecasts Thailand will account for 3.62% of Asia/Pacific regional oil demand by 2010 simultaneously providing 3.27% of supply. Regional Oil demand is expected to reach 27.64 mn b/d by 2010 from 24.74 mn b/d in 2009. Gas consumption is expected to reach 602bcm for 2010. By the end of the decade, gas production should reach 490bcm from last years 342bcm. In 2006, Thailands share of consumption was approximately 7.64%, and its share of production was at 6.64%. Its share of demand is forecasted to be 6.64% by 2010 and will still contribute approximately 6.7% of share in supply. For 2009, with an average OPEC basket price of US$59.00 per barrel (bbl), a decline of 37.3% year-on-year (y-o-y). For 2010, it is expected that there will be a significant OPEC basket price recovery to US$83.00/bbl for the OPEC basket price. It is expected to gain further ground to US$85.00/bbl in 2011 and increasing to US$90.00/bbl in 2012 and beyond. PTTEP and international partners are working hard to explore oil and gas fields. Thailand has an acceptable licensing framework and has made reasonable progress in terms of deregulation. Privatisation and consolidation would lead to improvement in the competitive landscape. With leading International Oil Companies such as Shell quitting (both the upstream and refining segments), it is apparent that Thailand is not an attractive destination for IOCs. Key Oil and Gas Players: 1. PTT 2. Esso Thailand 3. Thai Shell Co 4. Total MALAYSIA Malaysia is the eighth largest holder of natural gas reserves in the world. It was the second largest exporter of LNG after Qatar in 2007 As of January 2009, Malaysia held 83 trillion cubic feet of proven natural gas reserves according to Oil and Gas Journal. While majority of domestic oil reserves are found off Peninsular Malaysia, much of the Malaysias natural gas production comes from Eastern Malaysia, offshore Sabah and Sarawak. Top World LNG Exporters, 2007 State-owned Petronas dominates both in oil sector and natural gas sector. It has a monopoly on all upstream natural gas developments. It also plays a leading role in LNG trade and downstream activities. Natural gas production has risen steadily and it reached 2.3 Tcf in 200. Simultaneously domestic natural gas consumption has also increased and has reached 1.2 Tcf in 2007. Many important ongoing projects are expected to expand natural gas production over the near term in Malaysia. Oil and Gas Companies are continuously focussing on offshore areas, especially deepwater blocks for exploration and production. Malaysian Natural Gas Production and Consumption, 1987-2007 Malaysia-Thailand Joint Development Area It is one of the important and active natural gas EP areas and is located in lower part of Gulf of Thailand. The joint development area is divided into three blocks: Block A18, Block B17, and Block C19. Malaysia-Thailand Joint Authority jointly administers this area. The blocks reportedly hold 9.5 TCF of proved and probable natural gas reserves. Block A-18 is operated by a joint venture (the Carigali-Triton Operating Company (CTOC)) between Petronas Carigali and Hess. Blocks B-17 and C-19 are operated by a joint venture (the Carigali-PTTEP Operating Company (CPOC) of Thailand and Malaysias national oil company, In Asia, Malaysia has the most extensive gas pipeline networks. With completion of the Peninsular Gas Utilization (PGU) project in 1998 the gas transmission network extended to Peninsular Malaysia. It spans more than 880 miles. It has a capacity to transport 2 billion cubic feet per day of natural gas. Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore are connected through pipelines. The Trans-Thailand-Malaysia Gas Pipeline System enables Malaysia to transport/pipe natural gas from the Malaysia-Thailand Joint Development Area to its domestic pipeline system. This regional pipeline network marks a significant step towards a transnational pipeline network â€Å"Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline† (TAGP) system linking the regional natural gas producers and consumers. Malaysia has the natural advantage of its location and is the best candidate to serve as hub for this ambitious project. Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan were the 3 primary purchasers of natural gas exported by Malaysia. Malaysia International Shipping Corporation (MISC) transports LNG through own 27 LNG tankers,. PETRONAS is the majority holder in MISC with 62% stake. MISC also has significant contribution in oil shipping activities. Malaysia has 3 LNG processing plants and PETRONAS has majority interests in all. They are located in a complex at Bintulu, Sarawak (East Malaysia) and receive supplies by the Sarawak offshore natural gas fields. It is the largest LNG complex in the world and has 8 production trains. It has a total liquefaction capacity of 1.1 TCF per year. Japan being one of the major importers of LNG, it has played a critical role in financing Malaysias LNG facilities. Malaysia has third highest oil reserves in the Asia-Pacific region Top 5 asia pacific oil reserve holders, 2009 As of January 2009, Malaysia has proven oil reserves of 4 billion barrels according to Oil and Gas Journal. Major proportion of countrys oil comes from offshore fields which can be divided into three: Malay, Sabah and Sarawak basins. Malay basin contains majority of reserves which are of high quality. Tapis field contributes to more than 50% of countrys oil production. Malaysias Oil Production and Conumptionl 1988-2008 Malaysia is domestically able to meet countrys demand for petroleum products. It has heavily invested in downstream activities such as refining in last 20 years. As of January 2009, Malaysia has about 515,000 bbl/d of refining capacity at 6 facilities according to OSJ. Three refineries operated by PETRONAS (259,000 bbl/d total capacity), two by Shell (170,000 bbl/d total capacity), and remaining one by ExxonMobil (86,000 bbl/d). Key Oil and Gas Players: 1. PETRONAS 2. ExxonMobil 3. ConocoPhillips 4. BP 5. Murphy Oil 6. Chevron SINGAPORE Singapore has strengthened its position in global oil and gas industry over the years. It has become a major oil trading centre both in terms of physical delivery and in term of financial instruments. CAGR growth in OG market in Singapore from 2004-08 has been 33.2%. It has encouraged energy majors by marketing its strategic location for production and exportation to South East Asian emerging countries. It is among worlds top bunkering ports. Singapore doesnt have domestic oil reserves. It has consumed on an average 0.92 million barrels of oil per day and 6610 million cubic meters of natural gas in 2007. Singapore has many domestic oil companies which actively are engaged in exploration and production in foreign countries. Singapore Petroleum Company Ltd being the major one holding twenty percent participating interest in Vietnam Blocks 102 and 106. In South East Asia, Singapore is a major refining centre and had 1.3 million barrels refining capacity per day in 2007. Oil consumption has increased in recent years but it has not been as significant as natural gas consumption growth in last few years. Singapore Government has encouraged natural gas consumption in recent years and it led to increase in natural gas consumption. Key Oil and Gas Players in Singapore are Singapore Petroleum, Esso, Royal Dutch Shell, Ezar holdings (OFS) and many medium and small players. CHAPTER 2 QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS We conducted primary research with Account Coordinators of our priority accounts, which are expected to contribute more than 50% of future EYs revenues. Due to busy period and traveling of the account coordinators, we were able to get qualitative responses from only 5 accounts. For the rest of the accounts, we conducted secondary research. The key notings from primary research are as follows: * Revenue growth and sustainability is essentially a factor of business that can be drawn from clients in current market conditions. Oil stability, political situation and environment and health concerns are few of the key factors required for revenue stability. Moreover, the volume of business